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The representation in court is much wider than simply executing assignments on behalf of the plaintiff or defendant. First of all that is a protection of the interests and rights of the client in front of the opponent. The result of the case directly depends on the quality of the presented arguments. The powers of a representative in civil and administrative cases are mostly similar, but each type of legal procedure has its own specifics.

Tax planning and tax optimization is important part of entrepreneurial activity. These are legal measures that business takes to reduce tax burden: fees, duties, mandatory payments. Goal can be achieved through benefits, deductions, lower rates, right to return.

According to art. 52 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, legal entities act on the basis of the articles of association (AoA), which shall be approved by their members. The AoA of commercial corporations (JSC or LLC) is the main document regulating their activities. Also, the AoA contains basic information about the company making possible its identification. Company members can also draw up a memorandum of association (MOA) governing the establishment of an enterprise.

Pre-sale preparation of the business is considered one of the most important aspects of the implementation of the company. The most important thing in the pre-sale preparation of the business is to create effective plan, to figure out all specifics in business functionality and business-processes nuances, perspectives in growth and development of the firm, its maximum capabilities, in financial equivalent as well. The end goal is to fully prepare business for sale for fair price.

Tax planning is active and targeted legal action of a company that is aimed at obtaining tax benefits (reduction of taxes, fees, duties and other obligatory payments). Tax benefit is a reduction in amount of tax liability, which is achieved by reducing the tax base, obtaining a tax deduction, benefits, applying a lower tax rate, as well as obtaining the right to a refund (offset) or tax refund from the budget.

To get a job in a Russian company, foreigners first need to obtain a patent or work permit in Russia (PHP). This is a permit issued by citizens of other states in order to legally work in the Russian Federation. It is intended for those who temporarily stay in the country and do not have the status of a permanent resident foreigner.

First, we should define the term itself. An audit is a procedure when a specialist scrutinizes company documents and tries to identify any hidden problems, debts, and other potential problems. Who needs that? When you buy a ready-made company, you have to understand all risks and correctly assess the situation; otherwise, you run the risk of facing huge problems. For evaluating the transaction, you need to provide a tax audit.

Migration registration includes state activities for collecting, storing, summarizing information about visitors. Registration in the migration authority is a mandatory procedure to every foreigner who comes to Russia, the exceptions are not provided. Unless for some categories of visitors there is a standard registration period of 7 working days, and for other categories the law provides for a longer period.

Entrepreneurs sometimes conclude such a type of transaction as a takeover. At the same time, one party to the contract acquires more than 30% of the authorized capital or a controlling stake, and in the future joins the absorbed business to its own enterprise. It is good if this happens by mutual consent of the parties. But sometimes you have to deal with an unfriendly takeover of a company when the owners are actually forced into a deal.

The general meeting of the LLC participants is a special procedure at which the company’s decisions are made. We are talking about the reorganization, amendment of the charter, appointment of the general director and other important agendas for the work of the company.

A construction contract is a legal agreement between a customer and a contractor for the performance of any type of work related to the repair, restoration of existing buildings, as well as the construction of new ones.

A non–public joint-stock company is a form of business organization that differs from a public joint-stock company (PJSC) in a number of key features.

Since 2022, Russian businesses have faced significant challenges in working with European partners, including difficulties in recovering advance payments for undelivered goods or services. However, in 2025, a new refund mechanism became available for Russian companies. This article provides a detailed explanation of how to recover advance payments from EU…

Any contract, as a legal form of agreement on the main points of the transaction, is concluded (in most cases) between the two parties. It contains a list of the rights and obligations of the participants, which begin to take effect from the moment of mutual approval by signatures.

In the realm of employment, one crucial document governs the relationship between employers and employees – the employment contract. Understanding the intricacies of employment contracts is essential for both employers and employees. This comprehensive guide will explore the key aspects of employment contracts, shed light on employment contract law, and provide valuable insights into their significance in the workplace.

In accordance with Russian legislation each company is required to maintain accounting records regardless of what industry the company operates in, how many full-time employees and subsidiaries it has. Some organizations are also legally bound to conduct an independent accounting assessment. This requirement is related to the specifics of economic activity.