Blog

Double citizenship is a situation where a person is simultaneously a citizen of several states. This requires an international Treaty regulating double citizenship: if there is no such Treaty between the Russian Federation and another state, it is impossible to obtain another citizenship legally. However, the Russian Constitution provides for the right to obtain citizenship of another country. Why might this be necessary?

When two parties sign a contract, they both want to get some guarantees, but in practice, you can hardly exclude all risks, you can only minimize them, due diligence procedure was invented just for these purposes. It is performed to estimate all the possible problems with a counterparty or to minimize the risk of a contract being considered as invalid.

Audit of accounting and reporting organization is designed to create an impartial view of documents’ reliability as well as information reflected by them. The law obliges legal entities to keep records and keep financial statements, so that the company will be able to provide them to partners, auditors, and employees…

Starting a Limited Company can be a strategic leap for budding entrepreneurs or sole traders aiming for more robust business structures. The process involves several essential steps and considerations that pave the way for a resilient and legally recognized business entity.

M&A (mergers and acquisitions) is a combination of assets of two legal entities. In essence, such transactions are a process of transferring or consolidating assets and operating divisions of one firm with another organization. This helps to optimize part of the business in order to find more favorable conditions for strategic management and further growth of the enterprise.

In the complex world of corporate structures, the interplay between various entities forms the backbone of modern business operations. Two such crucial entities are holding companies and subsidiary companies.

When it comes to the intricate landscape of business organizations, a fundamental concept arises in the form of holding and subsidiary companies.

Real estate due diligence is a procedure which provides a comprehensive property check and is carried out before it’s buying or renting. Under this procedure legal, financial, tax, construction and technical examinations can be carried out, potential risks are assessed and identified when concluding a specific transaction with a real estate object.

An international joint venture (JV) occurs when two businesses based on two or more countries form a partnership. A company that wants to explore international trade without taking full responsibility for cross-border business operations has the opportunity to create a joint venture with a foreign partner. International investors entering into a joint venture minimize the risk associated with a direct acquisition of a business. In the development of international business, performing due diligence in a foreign country and a partner limits the risks associated with such a business transaction.

In virtue of the service of expedited audit of accounting any organization can carry out a short revision of its accounting statements condition. Such revision usually takes short period and minimal efforts.

A group of companies is two or more independent enterprises that have one senior management. Since companies are managed from one center, they are often bound by partnership or other obligations. As a rule, the creation of a group of companies is aimed at making a profit and minimizing tax payments.

When entering into a refit contract, it is important to make sure that each clause of the agreement does not contradict the law, and the rights of the parties are not infringed. The examination of the contract will help in this.

Bankruptcy is the inability of a legal entity to fulfill financial obligations. The bankruptcy procedure is initiated if a limited liability company does not pay its obligations for more than 3 months and the total amount of debt exceeds 300,000 rubles.

Protected Intellectual Property, a closed list of which is given in Article 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, include objects of copyright. The objects of copyright are works of science, literature and art: literary, musical, audiovisual works, works of painting, sculpture, design, photography, maps, computer programmes, databases and many others. A detailed list of copyright objects is contained in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and is also enshrined in Article 1259 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and is open-ended.

In business sale transactions, entrepreneurs and lawyers often confuse selling a business as a set of separate assets and selling it as a single property complex (an enterprise). Failure to understand this distinction—especially regarding legal regulation—can lead to transaction invalidation, financial losses, and even legal liability. Let’s examine the key differences and why…

Registration of a company, namely a limited liability company, is not a complicated or labor-intensive procedure today. To do this, it is necessary to have one or more founders, an authorized capital of more than 10,000 rubles, a charter, a protocol on the establishment of an LLC and an agreement if there are several founders. The latter document performs a rather important function – it fixes the size, procedure and terms of payment of shares in the authorized capital for each of the founders in order to avoid a dispute.